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@article{dannenberg1991rwr,
	Author = {Dannenberg, R.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-12 13:40:59 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-12 13:41:20 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Music, Language, Speech and Brain},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/recent%20work%20in%20real-time%20music%20understanding.pdf},
	Pages = {194--202},
	Title = {{Recent work in real-time music understanding by computer}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{herrera-boyer:2003,
	Author = {Herrera-Boyer, P. and Peeters, G. and Dubnov, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 16:07:43 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of New Music Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/herrera-boyer/automatic%20classification%20of%20musical%20instrument%20sounds.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--21},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Automatic Classification of Musical Instrument Sounds}},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2003},
	Abstract = {
We present an exhaustive review of research on automatic classification of sounds from musical 
instruments. Two different but complementary approaches are examined, the perceptual approach 
and the taxonomic approach. The former is targeted to derive perceptual similarity functions in 
order to use them for timbre clustering and for searching and retrieving sounds by timbral 
similarity. The latter is targeted to derive indexes for labeling sounds after culture- or user-biased 
taxonomies. We review the relevant features that have been used in the two areas and then we 
present and discuss different techniques for similarity-based clustering of sounds and for 
classification into pre-defined instrumental categories.  }}

@article{livshin:2004,
	Author = {Livshin, A. and Rodet, X.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 16:06:44 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {7th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-4), Naples, Italy, October},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/livshin/musical%20instrument%20identification%20in%20continuous%20recordings.pdf},
	Title = {{Musical instrument identification in continuous recordings}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{kitahara:2005,
	Author = {Kitahara, T. and Goto, M. and Komatani, K. and Ogata, T. and Okuno, H.G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 15:59:28 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. International Conference on Music Information Retrieval--ISMIR'2005},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/kitahara/instrument%20identification%20in%20polyphonic%20music%20feature.pdf},
	Title = {{Instrument Identification in Polyphonic Music: Feature Weighting with Mixed Sounds, Pitch-Dependent Timbre Modeling, and Use of Musical Context}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{eronen:,
	Author = {Eronen, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 15:56:07 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Master of Science Thesis},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/eronen/automatic%20musical%20instrument%20recognition.pdf},
	Title = {{Automatic musical instrument recognition}}}

@article{herrera:2000,
	Author = {Herrera, P. and Amatriain, X. and Batlle, E. and Serra, X.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 15:54:09 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/herrera/towards%20instrument%20segmentation%20for%20music%20content.pdf},
	Title = {{Towards instrument segmentation for music content description: a critical review of instrument classification techniques}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{vincent:2004,
	Author = {Vincent, E. and Rodet, X.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 15:45:07 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. ISMIR},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/vincent/instrument%20identification%20in%20solo%20and%20ensemble%20music.pdf},
	Pages = {576--581},
	Title = {{Instrument identification in solo and ensemble music using independent subspace analysis}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{martin:1998,
	Author = {Martin, K.D. and Kim, Y.E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-09-03 15:40:22 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {{Proc. of 136th meeting of ASA}},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/martin/2pmu9.%20musical%20instrument%20identification%20a%20pattern-recognition.pdf},
	Title = {{2pMU9. Musical instrument identification: A pattern-recognition approach}},
	Year = {1998},
	Abstract = {A statistical pattern-recognition technique was applied to the classification of musical 
instrument tones within a taxonomic hierarchy. Perceptually salient acoustic features--- 
related to the physical properties of source excitation and resonance structure---were 
measured from the output of an auditory model (the log-lag correlogram) for 1023 isolated 
tones over the full pitch ranges of 15 orchestral instruments. The data set included examples 
from the string (bowed and plucked), woodwind (single, double, and air reed), and brass 
families. Using 70%/30% splits between training and test data, maximum a posteriori 
classifiers were constructed based on Gaussian models arrived at through Fisher multiple- 
discriminant analysis. The classifiers distinguished transient from continuant tones with 
approximately 99% correct performance. Instrument families were identified with 
approximately 90% performance, and individual instruments were identified with an overall 
success rate of approximately 70%. These preliminary analyses compare favorably with 
human performance on the same task and demonstrate the utility of the hierarchical approach 
to classification. 
}}

@techreport{markus:,
	Author = {M{\'a}rkus, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Institution = {Tech. Rep., Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, 2000, http://www. mit. bme. hu/\^{} markus/projects/organ},
	Keywords = {organ synthesis},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/markus/signal%20model%20based%20synthesis%20of%20the%20sound.pdf},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{SIGNAL MODEL BASED SYNTHESIS OF THE SOUND OF ORGAN PIPES}}}

@article{raphael:,
	Author = {Raphael, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR'05)},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/raphael/a%20graphical%20model%20for%20recognizing%20sung%20melodies.pdf},
	Pages = {658--663},
	Title = {{A graphical model for recognizing sung melodies}}}

@article{saund:1995,
	Author = {Saund, E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Neural Computation},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/saund/a%20multiple%20cause%20mixture%20model%20for%20unsupervised.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {51--71},
	Title = {{A multiple cause mixture model for unsupervised learning}},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{walmsley:,
	Author = {Walmsley, P.J. and Godsill, S.J. and Rayner, P.J.W.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/walmsley/polyphonic%20pitch%20tracking%20using%20joint.pdf},
	Title = {{POLYPHONIC PITCH TRACKING USING JOINT BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE FRAME PARAMETERS}}}

@article{brown:1991,
	Author = {Brown, J.C. and Zhang, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/brown/musical%20frequency%20tracking%20using%20the%20methods.pdf},
	Pages = {2346},
	Publisher = {ASA},
	Title = {{Musical frequency tracking using the methods of conventional and ``narrowed'' autocorrelation}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{bello:,
	Author = {Bello, J.P. and Monti, G. and Sandler, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {log},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/bello/techniques%20for%20automatic%20music%20transcription.pdf},
	Pages = {49},
	Title = {{Techniques for Automatic Music Transcription}},
	Volume = {12}}

@article{abdallah:2001,
	Author = {Abdallah, SA and Plumbley, MD},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Submitted to Neural Computation},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/abdallah/sparse%20coding%20of%20music%20signals.pdf},
	Title = {{Sparse coding of music signals}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{klingseisen:2000,
	Author = {Klingseisen, J. and Plumbley, MD},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. ICA},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/klingseisen/towards%20musical%20instrument%20separation%20using.pdf},
	Pages = {447--452},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Towards musical instrument separation using multiple-cause neural networks}},
	Year = {2000},
	Annote = {Summarized in the Plumbley transcription/separation summary paper (2002), more detail here. Promising approach, might be interesting to try on organ registration since we don't suffer some of the complications of other instruments (constant volume, no pitch straying, etc.)}}

@article{plumbley:2002,
	Author = {PLUMBLEY, MD},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Cybernetics \& Systems},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/plumbley/automatic%20music%20transcription%20and%20audio%20source.pdf},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {603--627},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Automatic Music Transcription and Audio Source Separation}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2002},
	Annote = {Nice summary of the state of the approaches Plumbley et al have taken. (as of 2002) Approachable, lots of interesting ideas. I especially find the blackboard idea interesting, and though I'm not sure whether it's the best thing for this application it would be potentially very handy in gedcom applications.}}

@article{syrovy:2003,
	Author = {Syrov{\`y}, V. and Ot{\v{c}}en{\'a}{\v{s}}ek, Z. and {\v{S}}t{\v{e}}p{\'a}nek, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustic Conference 2003},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/syrovy/subjective%20evaluation%20of%20organ%20pipe%20timbre.pdf},
	Pages = {333--336},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF ORGAN PIPE TIMBRE IN THE STANDARD LISTENER POSITIONS}},
	Year = {2003},
	Annote = {Acoustics paper. Somewhat interesting, mostly useful for its decent summary of the issue of listener position in organ sound.}}

@article{cemgil:2004,
	Author = {Cemgil, A.T. and Kappen, H.J. and Barber, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing},
	Keywords = {kalman, generative, transcription, bayesian, greedy},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{A generative model for music transcription}},
	Year = {2004},
	Annote = {Thick paper for automatic transcription using kalman filter and a bayesian generative approach. It calculates the probability of a "piano roll" (may or may not be the semitones of a piano keyboard) from current state and the observed signal, based on the generative sinusoidal predictions modeled by the kalman filter. 

Seems to be solid, but hard to follow in places. I think the generative approach is very interesting. We do a similar thing - when learning a melody, part, transcribing from audio, or just enjoying a song, we regenerate what we hear in our heads or with our mouths. I think this is part of what makes electronic music and complex instruments (i.e. violin) so interesting, because we cannot reproduce it with our mouths but only mentally. Of course even though we can't reproduce it we do sing/hum along the melody, but in some cases (e.g. the synthesizer in Supernature) the sound is so different it's hard to mentally ascribe a single pitch and sing along, although of course the sound was made with a synthesizer with an exact piano roll if you will.

I think part of what we do when we regenerate, sing along, etc. is to find resonances. This paper doesn't discuss resonance in so many words, but its probability is what a musician might call resonance - the better they match up the more "true" that hypothesis is.

Another thought: the difficulty of polyphony is discussed within, esp. the combinatorics of it. Polyphony is only difficult insofar as it's hard to distinguish the different voices. If they are distinct then you just count them. If they are not distinct, then it becomes difficult. Here musical structure - high-level knowledge - is especially helpful. If you know there are 4 voices, and/or that the voices follow voice leading rules, then you can significantly improve your chances.}}

@article{turk:1991a,
	Author = {Turk, MA and Pentland, AP},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1991. Proceedings CVPR'91., IEEE Computer Society Conference on},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/turk/face%20recognition%20using%20eigenfaces.pdf},
	Pages = {586--591},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Face recognition using eigenfaces}},
	Year = {1991},
	Annote = {shorter paper introducing eigenfaces in '91}}

@article{recht:2003,
	Author = {Recht, B. and Whitman, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. of the 6th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-03)},
	Keywords = {eigensound, pca},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/recht/musically%20expressive%20sound%20textures%20from.pdf},
	Pages = {8--11},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{MUSICALLY EXPRESSIVE SOUND TEXTURES FROM GENERALIZED AUDIO}},
	Year = {2003},
	Annote = {Eigenradio/Eigensound, using PCA for "composition" and synthesis}}

@article{kwok:,
	Author = {Kwok, J.T. and Mak, B. and Ho, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
	Keywords = {eigenvoice, pca},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/kwok/eigenvoice%20speaker%20adaptation%20via%20composite%20kernel.pdf},
	Title = {{Eigenvoice speaker adaptation via composite kernel PCA}},
	Volume = {16}}

@article{deshpande:2001,
	Author = {Deshpande, H. and Nam, U. and Singh, R.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the COST-G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects},
	Keywords = {visual, classification},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/deshpande/classification%20of%20music%20signals%20in%20the%20visual%20domain.pdf},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Classification of music signals in the visual domain}},
	Year = {2001},
	Annote = {short paper on a holistic (shot-gun) approach}}

@article{turk:1991,
	Author = {Turk, M. and Pentland, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
	Keywords = {eigenface},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/turk/eigenfaces%20for%20recognition.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {71--86},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Eigenfaces for recognition}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1991},
	Annote = {Early paper on eigenfaces }}

@inproceedings{pentland:1994,
	Address = {Seattle, WA},
	Author = {Pentland, A. and Moghaddam, B. and Starner, T.},
	Booktitle = {Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'94)},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Keywords = {eigenface},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/pentland/view-based%20and%20modular%20eigenspaces%20for%20face%20recognition.pdf},
	Month = {June},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {View-based and Modular Eigenspaces for Face Recognition},
	Url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/pentland94viewbased.html},
	Year = 1994,
	Annote = {Practical paper on eigenfaces, eigenfeatures}}

@techreport{pissarenko:,
	Author = {Pissarenko, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Institution = {Technical report, n/a, December 2002},
	Keywords = {eigenface},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/pissarenko/eigenface-based%20facial%20recognition.pdf},
	Title = {{Eigenface-based facial recognition}}}

@article{smith:2002,
	Author = {Smith, L.I.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Student Tutorial, University of Otago},
	Keywords = {pca},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/smith/a%20tutorial%20on%20principal%20component%20analysis.pdf},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{A tutorial on principal component analysis}},
	Year = {2002},
	Annote = {Excellent tutorial on PCA}}

@article{turk:,
	Author = {Turk, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Keywords = {eigenface},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/turk/eigenfaces%20and%20beyond.pdf},
	Title = {{Eigenfaces and Beyond}}}

@article{dubnov:2006,
	Author = {Dubnov, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Desktop/CMJ.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {63--83},
	Rating = {5},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Spectral Anticipations}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2006},
	Annote = {Anticipation idea very interesting. Wonder if it can be applied to beat tracking also. Need to reread in depth to grok the math.}}

@article{shenoy:2005,
	Author = {Shenoy, A. and Wang, Y.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Keywords = {chord, rhythm, key, popular},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/shenoy/key,%20chord,%20and%20rhythm%20tracking%20of%20popular.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {75--86},
	Publisher = {MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Key, Chord, and Rhythm Tracking of Popular Music Recordings}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2005},
	Annote = {limited to popular music (4/4 with drums), makes a lot of simplifying assumptions. Interesting bits about bar detection.}}

@article{abdi:1988,
	Author = {Abdi, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/abdi/a%20generalized%20approach%20for%20connectionist%20auto-associative%20memories.pdf},
	Pages = {149--166},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{A generalized approach for connectionist auto-associative memories: interpretation, implications and illustration for face processing}},
	Year = {1988},
	Annote = {paper cited by the wikipedia eigenface article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenface

the idea of eigenface may be adaptable to audio}}

@article{cont:,
	Author = {Cont, A. and Dubnov, S. and Assayag, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/cont/a%20framework%20for%20anticipatory%20machine%20improvisation%20and%20style.pdf},
	Title = {{A Framework for Anticipatory Machine Improvisation and Style Imitation}}}

@article{cooper:2006,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
	Author = {Cooper, Matthew and Foote, Jonathan and Pampalk, Elias and Tzanetakis, George},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj.2006.30.2.42},
	Issn = {0148-9267},
	Journal = {Comput. Music J.},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {42--62},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Visualization in Audio-Based Music Information Retrieval},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2006},
	Annote = {Survey of MIR visualization. Some interesting visualizations, both in timbre and in rhythm. Some good (overall) tempo induction algorithms in use.}}

@article{pardo:,
	Author = {Pardo, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {log},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/pardo/tempo%20tracking%20with%20a%20single%20oscillator.pdf},
	Pages = {1},
	Title = {{TEMPO TRACKING WITH A SINGLE OSCILLATOR}},
	Volume = {2}}

@article{lang:2004a,
	Author = {Lang, D. and de Freitas, N.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/lang/beat%20tracking%20the%20graphical%20model%20way.pdf},
	Title = {{Beat tracking the graphical model way}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2004},
	Annote = {looks like it comes from Lang's thesis}}

@article{sethares:2005,
	Author = {Sethares, W.A. and Morris, R.D. and Sethares, J.C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING},
	Keywords = {bayesian, beat tracking, analysis, particle filters, rhythm tracks, tempo},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/sethares/beat%20tracking%20of%20musical%20performances%20using.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Beat Tracking of Musical Performances Using Low-Level Audio Features}},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2005},
	Annote = {Promising results. Find various "rhythm tracks" (1-d characterisations of rhythmic features, e.g. energy measure, spectral center, group delay, etc.), then do bayesian beat detection based on each, and the product of the likelihoods is your final likelihood. The bayesian tracking is not feasible to compute directly so it is simulated with particle filters.

Also discusses a gradient approach that is not nearly as promising. It seems to work well if you get good initial values, but that requires too much intervention. Supposedly initializing with the bayesian would be a good start, but they leave that dangling with a confusing statement about it being ineffective.}}

@article{dixon:2001,
	Author = {Dixon, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/an%20interactive%20beat%20tracking%20and%20visualisation%20system.pdf},
	Pages = {215--218},
	Title = {{An interactive beat tracking and visualisation system}},
	Year = {2001}}

@phdthesis{lang:2004,
	Author = {Lang, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/lang/fast%20methods%20for%20inference%20in%20graphical%20models.pdf},
	School = {UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA},
	Title = {{Fast Methods for Inference in Graphical Models}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{xiao:,
	Author = {XIAO, Y.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/xiao/tempo%20tracking%20of%20musical%20signals%20with.pdf},
	Title = {{Tempo Tracking of Musical Signals with Particle Filtering}}}

@techreport{eck:,
	Author = {Eck, D.S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Institution = {Technical Report IDSIA-22-02, IDSIA, Manno, Switzerland, 2002},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/eck/real-time%20musical%20beat%20induction%20with.pdf},
	Title = {{Real-Time Musical Beat Induction with Spiking Neural Networks}}}

@article{raphael:2001,
	Author = {Raphael, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. of 17th Conf. on Uncertainty in Artif. Int},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/raphael/a%20mixed%20graphical%20model%20for%20rhythmic%20parsing.pdf},
	Title = {{A mixed graphical model for rhythmic parsing}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{gouyon:b,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Klapuri, A. and Dixon, S. and Alonso, M. and Tzanetakis, G. and Uhle, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/an%20experimental%20comparison%20of%20audio%20tempo%20induction.pdf},
	Title = {{An experimental comparison of audio tempo induction algorithms}}}

@article{davies:,
	Author = {Davies, M.E.P. and Plumbley, M.D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/davies/beat%20tracking%20with%20a%20two%20state%20model.pdf},
	Title = {{Beat tracking with a two state model}}}

@article{cambouropoulos:2001,
	Author = {Cambouropoulos, E. and Dixon, S. and Goebl, W. and Widmer, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Systematic and Comparative Musicology, III International Conference on Cognitive Musicology},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/cambouropoulos/human%20preferences%20for%20tempo%20smoothness.pdf},
	Pages = {16--19},
	Title = {{Human Preferences for Tempo Smoothness}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{gouyon:,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Meudic, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/towards%20rhythmic%20content%20processing%20of%20musical.pdf},
	Title = {{Towards Rhythmic Content Processing of Musical Signals: Fostering Complementary Approaches}}}

@article{dixon:a,
	Author = {Dixon, S. and Goebl, W. and Widmer, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/the%20performance%20worm%20real%20time%20visualisation.pdf},
	Title = {{The Performance Worm: Real Time Visualisation of Expression based on Langner's Tempo-Loudness Animation}}}

@article{dixon:,
	Author = {Dixon, S. and Gouyon, F. and Widmer, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. Of the},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/towards%20characterisation%20of%20music%20via%20rhythmic%20patterns.pdf},
	Title = {{Towards characterisation of music via rhythmic patterns}},
	Volume = {5}}

@article{dixon:2001a,
	Author = {Dixon, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the 8th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Music},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/an%20empirical%20comparison%20of%20tempo%20trackers.pdf},
	Title = {{An empirical comparison of tempo trackers}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{klapuri:,
	Author = {Klapuri, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Tampere University of Technology. Publications},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/klapuri/signal%20processing%20methods%20for%20the%20automatic%20transcription.pdf},
	Title = {{Signal Processing Methods for the Automatic Transcription of Music}},
	Volume = {460}}

@article{ribeiro:2004,
	Author = {Ribeiro, M.I.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Institute for Systems and Robotics, Technical Report, February},
	Keywords = {gaussian, probability},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/ribeiro/gaussian%20probability%20density%20functions%20properties.pdf},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Gaussian Probability Density Functions: Properties and Error Characterization}},
	Year = {2004},
	Annote = {Nice reference on Gaussians. Easy to read, concise, pretty pictures. Goes into more depth in the later chapters than I probably will need.}}

@techreport{welch:2006,
	Address = {Chapel Hill, NC},
	Author = {Welch, Greg and Bishop, Gary},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Institution = {University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill},
	Keywords = {kalman},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/welch/an%20introduction%20to%20the%20kalman%20filter.pdf},
	Month = {July},
	Number = {TR 95-041},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {An Introduction to the Kalman Filter},
	Url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~welch/kalman/kalmanIntro.html},
	Year = {2006},
	Abstract = {In 1960, R.E. Kalman published his famous paper describing a recursive solution 
to the discrete-data linear filtering problem. Since that time, due in large part to ad- 
vances in digital computing, the Kalman filter has been the subject of extensive re- 
search and application, particularly in the area of autonomous or assisted 
navigation. 

The Kalman filter is a set of mathematical equations that provides an efficient com- 
putational (recursive) means to estimate the state of a process, in a way that mini- 
mizes the mean of the squared error. The filter is very powerful in several aspects: 
it supports estimations of past, present, and even future states, and it can do so even 
when the precise nature of the modeled system is unknown. 

The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical introduction to the discrete Kal- 
man filter. This introduction includes a description and some discussion of the basic 
discrete Kalman filter, a derivation, description and some discussion of the extend- 
ed Kalman filter, and a relatively simple (tangible) example with real numbers & 
results. 
},
	Annote = {Good intro, good equations, nice diagrams. }}

@article{kalman:1960,
	Author = {Kalman, R.E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of Basic Engineering},
	Keywords = {kalman},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/kalman/a%20new%20approach%20to%20linear%20filtering%20and%20prediction%20problems.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {35--45},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1960},
	Annote = {The original paper on the kalman filter. Very mathy, but could come in handy.}}

@inbook{maybeck:1979,
	Author = {Maybeck, Peter S.},
	Chapter = {1},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Keywords = {stochastic kalman},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/maybeck/stochastic%20models,%20estimation,%20and%20control,%20volume.pdf},
	Pages = {1-15},
	Publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.},
	Rating = {5},
	Read = {Yes},
	Series = {Mathematics in Science and Engineering},
	Title = {Stochastic models, estimation, and control, Volume 1},
	Url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~welch/media/pdf/maybeck_ch1.pdf},
	Volume = {141},
	Year = {1979},
	Annote = {Chapter 1 of the book. Excellent intro to kalman filter}}

@article{ghahramani:,
	Author = {Ghahramani, Z. and Hinton, G.E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {log},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/ghahramani/parameter%20estimation%20for%20linear%20dynamical%20systems.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {2},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Parameter Estimation for Linear Dynamical Systems}},
	Volume = {1},
	Annote = {Heavy math, but looks straightforward to code from.}}

@article{bello:2005,
	Author = {Bello, JP and Daudet, L. and Abdallah, S. and Duxbury, C. and Davies, M. and Sandler, MB},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Speech and Audio Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/bello/a%20tutorial%20on%20onset%20detection%20in%20music%20signals.pdf},
	Number = {5 Part 2},
	Pages = {1035--1047},
	Rating = {0},
	Read = {No},
	Title = {{A Tutorial on Onset Detection in Music Signals}},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{wang:2001,
	Author = {Wang, Y. and Vilermo, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/wang/a%20compressed%20domain%20beat%20detector%20using.pdf},
	Pages = {194--202},
	Publisher = {ACM Press New York, NY, USA},
	Title = {{A compressed domain beat detector using MP3 audio bitstreams}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{vercoe:1997,
	Author = {Vercoe, BL},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Perception and Cognition of Music},
	Pages = {307--326},
	Title = {{Computational auditory pathways to music understanding}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{tzanetakis:2002,
	Author = {Tzanetakis, G. and Essl, G. and Cook, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the 2002 Digital Audio Effects Conference},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/tzanetakis/human%20perception%20and%20computer%20extraction%20of%20musical.pdf},
	Pages = {257--261},
	Title = {{HUMAN PERCEPTION AND COMPUTER EXTRACTION OF MUSICAL BEAT STRENGTH}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{thornburg:2001,
	Author = {Thornburg, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Draft report, Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/thornburg/bayesian%20segmentation%20and%20rhythm%20tracking.pdf},
	Title = {{Bayesian Segmentation and Rhythm Tracking}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{toiviainen:2003,
	Author = {TOIVIAINEN, P. and SNYDER, J.S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Perception},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/toiviainen/tapping%20to%20bach%20resonance-based%20modeling%20of%20pulse.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {43--80},
	Title = {{Tapping to Bach: Resonance-Based Modeling of Pulse}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{temperley:1999,
	Author = {Temperley, D. and Sleator, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/temperley/modeling%20meter%20and%20harmony%20a%20preference-rule%20approach.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {10--27},
	Publisher = {MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA},
	Title = {{Modeling Meter and Harmony: A Preference-Rule Approach}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{tanguiane:1994,
	Author = {Tanguiane, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Perception},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {465--502},
	Title = {{A Principle of Correlativity of Perception and Its Application to Music Recognition}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{snyder:2001,
	Author = {Snyder, J. and Krumhansl, C.L.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Perception},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {455--489},
	Title = {{Tapping to Ragtime: Cues to Pulse Finding}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{smith:1996,
	Author = {Smith, L. and Kovesi, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/smith/a%20continuous%20time-frequency%20approach%20to%20representing%20rhythmic.pdf},
	Title = {{A continuous time-frequency approach to representing rhythmic strata}},
	Year = {1996}}

@misc{smith:1996a,
	Author = {Smith, L.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/smith/modelling%20rhythm%20perception%20by%20continuous%20time-frequency.pdf},
	Text = {L. M. Smith. Modelling rhythm perception by continuous time-frequency analysis. In Yanchep '96: Proceedings of Department Research Conference, pages 1--20. Department of Computer Science, University of Western Australia, 1996.},
	Title = {Modelling rhythm perception by continuous time-frequency analysis},
	Url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/smith96modelling.html},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{sethares:2001,
	Author = {Sethares, W.A. and Staley, T.W.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of New Music Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/sethares/meter%20and%20periodicity%20in%20musical%20performance.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {149--158},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Meter and Periodicity in Musical Performance}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2001}}

@mastersthesis{seppanen:2001,
	Address = {Tampere, Finland},
	Author = {Sepp{\"a}nen, Jarno},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/seppanen/computational%20models%20of%20musical%20meter%20recognition.pdf},
	School = {Tampere Univ. of Tech.},
	Title = {Computational Models Of Musical Meter Recognition},
	Url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/anen01computational.html},
	Year = 2001}

@phdthesis{schloss:1985,
	Author = {Schloss, W.A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	School = {Stanford University},
	Title = {{On the automatic transcription of percussive music: from acoustic signal to high-level analysis}},
	Year = {1985}}

@inproceedings{scheirer:1997a,
	Address = {Munich, Germany},
	Author = {Scheirer, E. and Slaney, M.},
	Booktitle = {Proc. {ICASSP} '97},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/scheirer/construction%20and%20evaluation%20of%20a%20robust%20multifeature%20speechmusic.pdf},
	Pages = {1331--1334},
	Title = {Construction and Evaluation of a Robust Multifeature Speech/Music Discriminator},
	Url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/scheirer97construction.html},
	Year = {1997}}

@phdthesis{scheirer:2000,
	Author = {Scheirer, E.D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-12 13:56:17 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/scheirer/music-listening%20systems.pdf},
	School = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	Title = {{Music-Listening Systems}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{scheirer:1997,
	Author = {Scheirer, ED},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 1997. 1997 IEEE ASSP Workshop on},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/scheirer/pulse%20tracking%20with%20a%20pitch%20tracker.pdf},
	Pages = {4},
	Title = {{Pulse tracking with a pitch tracker}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{rosenthal:1992,
	Author = {Rosenthal, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {64--76},
	Title = {{Emulation of human rhythm perception}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{repp:1994,
	Author = {Repp, B.H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Psychology of Music},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/repp/on%20determining%20the%20basic%20tempo%20of%20an%20expressive%20music.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {157},
	Title = {{On Determining the Basic Tempo of an Expressive Music Performance}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{repp:1992,
	Author = {Repp, BH},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Cognition},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {241--81},
	Title = {{Probing the cognitive representation of musical time: structural constraints on the perception of timing perturbations.}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{raphael:2002,
	Author = {Raphael, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/raphael/a%20hybrid%20graphical%20model%20for%20rhythmic%20parsing.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {217--238},
	Title = {{A hybrid graphical model for rhythmic parsing}},
	Volume = {137},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{povel:1984,
	Author = {Povel, D.J. and Essens, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Publisher = {Katholieke Universiteit},
	Title = {{Perception of Temporal Patterns}},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{paulus:2002,
	Author = {Paulus, J. and Klapuri, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. ISMIR},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/paulus/measuring%20the%20similarity%20of%20rhythmic%20patterns.pdf},
	Title = {{Measuring the similarity of rhythmic patterns}},
	Volume = {2002},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{parncutt:1994,
	Author = {Parncutt, R.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Perception},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {409--464},
	Title = {{A perceptual model of pulse salience and metrical accent in musical rhythms}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{pampalk:2002,
	Author = {Pampalk, E. and Rauber, A. and Merkl, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/pampalk/content-based%20organization%20and%20visualization%20of%20music%20archives.pdf},
	Publisher = {ACM Press New York, NY, USA},
	Title = {{Content-based organization and visualization of music archives}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{palmer:1997,
	Author = {Palmer, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/palmer/music%20performance..pdf},
	Publisher = {Annual Reviews, Inc.},
	Title = {{Music Performance.}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {1997}}

@book{mont-reynaud:1985,
	Author = {Mont-Reynaud, B. and Goldstein, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Publisher = {CCRMA, Dept. of Music, Stanford University},
	Title = {{On Finding Rhythmic Patterns in Musical Lines}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{meudic:2002,
	Author = {Meudic, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the Journ{\'e}es d'informatique musicale. Marseille: Centre National de Cr{\'e}ation Musicale},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/meudic/automatic%20meter%20extraction%20from%20midi.pdf},
	Title = {{Automatic Meter Extraction from MIDI Files}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{mcauley:1999,
	Author = {McAuley, JD and Semple, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Australian Journal of Psychology},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {176--187},
	Title = {{The effect of tempo and musical experience on perceived beat}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1999}}

@phdthesis{mcauley:1995,
	Author = {McAuley, J.D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/mcauley/perception%20of%20time%20as%20phase%20toward%20an%20adaptive-oscillator.pdf},
	School = {Indiana University},
	Title = {{Perception of time as phase: toward an adaptive-oscillator model of rhythmic pattern processing}},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{longuet-higgins:1982,
	Author = {Longuet-Higgins, HC and Lee, CS},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Perception},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {115--28},
	Title = {{The perception of musical rhythms.}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1982}}

@book{longuet-higgins:1987,
	Author = {Longuet-Higgins, H.C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Publisher = {MIT Press Cambridge, Mass},
	Title = {{Mental processes}},
	Year = {1987}}

@book{lerdahl:1983,
	Author = {Lerdahl, F. and Jackendoff, R.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{A Generative Theory of Tonal Music}},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{laroche:2003,
	Author = {LAROCHE, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of the Audio Engineering Society},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {226--233},
	Publisher = {Audio Engineering Society},
	Title = {{Efficient tempo and beat tracking in audio recordings}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{laroche:2001,
	Author = {Laroche, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. Int. Workshop on applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics WASPAA},
	Pages = {135--139},
	Title = {{Estimating tempo, swing and beat locations in audio recordings}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{large:1994,
	Author = {Large, E.W. and Kolen, J.F.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Connection Science},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/large/resonance%20and%20the%20perception%20of%20musical%20meter.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {3},
	Title = {{Resonance and the perception of musical meter}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{lapidaki:2000,
	Author = {LAPIDAKI, E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Education Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/lapidaki/stability%20of%20tempo%20perception%20in%20music%20listening.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {25--44},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Stability of Tempo Perception in Music Listening}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{klapuri:2003,
	Author = {Klapuri, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. Cambridge Music Processing Colloquium},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/klapuri/musical%20meter%20estimation%20and%20music%20transcription.pdf},
	Pages = {40--5},
	Title = {{Musical meter estimation and music transcription}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{jones:1989,
	Author = {Jones, M.R. and Boltz, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Psychological Review},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/jones/dynamic%20attending%20and%20responses%20to%20time.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {459--491},
	Title = {{Dynamic attending and responses to time}},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{honing:2001,
	Author = {Honing, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/honing/from%20time%20to%20time%20the%20representation%20of%20timing.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {50--61},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{From Time to Time: The Representation of Timing and Tempo}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{honing:1993,
	Author = {Honing, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Contemporary Music Review},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/honing/issues%20on%20the%20representation%20of%20time%20and%20structure%20in%20music.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {221--238},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Issues on the representation of time and structure in music}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{herrera:2005,
	Author = {Herrera, P. and Bello, J. and Widmer, G. and Sandler, M. and Celma, O. and Vignoli, F. and Pampalk, E. and Cano, P. and Pauws, S. and Serra, X.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the 2nd European Workshop on the Integration of Knowledge, Semantic and Digital Media Technologies},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/herrera/simac%20semantic%20interaction%20with%20music.pdf},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{SIMAC: SEMANTIC INTERACTION WITH MUSIC AUDIO CONTENTS}},
	Year = {2005},
	Annote = {Holistic approach, very few details. Good reference list for various useful aspects of feature extraction from audio data.}}

@article{herrera:2003,
	Author = {Herrera, P. and Dehamel, A. and Gouyon, F.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {114th AES Convention},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/herrera/automatic%20labeling%20of%20unpitched%20percussion%20sounds.pdf},
	Title = {{Automatic labeling of unpitched percussion sounds}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{herre:2002,
	Author = {Herre, J. and Cremer, M. and Uhle, C. and Rohden, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Motion Picture Experts Group Report MPEG2001/8415},
	Title = {{Proposal for a core experiment on AudioTempo}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{hainsworth:2003,
	Author = {Hainsworth, S. and Macleod, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/hainsworth/beat%20tracking%20with%20particle%20filtering.pdf},
	Title = {{Beat tracking with particle filtering algorithms}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{gouyon:2000,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Pachet, F. and Delerue, O.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the COST G-6 conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-00), Verona, Italy},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/on%20the%20use%20of%20zero-crossing%20rate%20for%20an%20application%20of%20classification%20of%20percussive.pdf},
	Title = {{On the use of zero-crossing rate for an application of classification of percussive sounds}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{gouyon:2002,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Herrera, P. and Cano, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the AES 22nd International Conference on Virtual, Synthetic and Entertainment Audio},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/pulse-dependent%20analyses%20of%20percussive%20music.pdf},
	Title = {{Pulse-dependent analyses of percussive music}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{gouyon:c,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Herrera, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. of the Proceedings of AES 114 thConvention},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/determination%20of%20the%20meter%20of%20musical%20audio%20signals.pdf},
	Title = {{Determination of the meter of musical audio signals: Seeking recurrences in beat segment descriptors}}}

@article{gouyon:2003,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Herrera, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the Fourth European Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/a%20beat%20induction%20method%20for%20musical%20audio.pdf},
	Pages = {281--287},
	Title = {{A beat induction method for musical audio signals}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{gouyon:a,
	Author = {Gouyon, F. and Fabig, L. and Bonada, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects Workshop},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/rhythmic%20expressiveness%20transformations%20of%20audio%20recordings.pdf},
	Title = {{Rhythmic expressiveness transformations of audio recordings: swing modifications}}}

@article{goto:1995,
	Author = {Goto, M. and Muraoka, Y.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
	Pages = {171--174},
	Title = {{A real-time beat tracking system for audio signals}},
	Url = {http://staff.aist.go.jp/m.goto/PAPER/ICMC95/bts.html},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{goto:1999,
	Author = {Goto, M. and Muraoka, Y.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Speech Communication},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/goto/real-time%20beat%20tracking%20for%20drumless%20audio.pdf},
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {311--335},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	Title = {{Real-time beat tracking for drumless audio signals: Chord change detection for musical decisions}},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{goto:2001,
	Author = {Goto, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of New Music Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/goto/an%20audio-based%20real-time%20beat%20tracking%20system.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {159--171},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{An Audio-based Real-time Beat Tracking System for Music With or Without Drum-sounds}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{gasser:1999,
	Author = {GASSER, M.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Connection Science},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gasser/meter%20as%20mechanism%20a%20neural%20network%20model.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {187--216},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Meter as Mechanism: A Neural Network Model that Learns Metrical Patterns}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{gabrielsson:1973,
	Author = {Gabrielsson, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Scand J Psychol},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {138--60},
	Title = {{Similarity ratings and dimension analyses of auditory rhythm patterns. I.}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1973}}

@article{reserved:2002,
	Author = {RESERVED, A.L.L.R.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Perception},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {333--349},
	Publisher = {UnivCalifornia Press},
	Title = {{Swing Ratios and Ensemble Timing in Jazz Performance: Evidence for a Common Rhythmic Pattern}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2002}}

@techreport{friberg:1999,
	Author = {Friberg, A. and Sundstr{\"o}m, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Institution = {ASA/EAA/DAGA'99 Meeting Lay Language Papers},
	Title = {{Jazz drummers' swing ratio in relation to tempo. Published online as Acoustical Society of America}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{fitzgerald:,
	Author = {FitzGerald, D. and Coyle, E. and Lawlor, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. 5th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/fitzgerald/sub-band%20independent%20subspace%20analysis%20for%20drum.pdf},
	Title = {{Sub-band Independent Subspace Analysis for Drum Transcription}}}

@article{eck:1983,
	Author = {Eck, D. and Gasser, M. and Port, R.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {time},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/eck/dynamics%20and%20embodiment%20in%20beat%20induction.pdf},
	Pages = {p230},
	Title = {{Dynamics and Embodiment in Beat Induction}},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{drake:2000,
	Author = {Drake, C. and Penel, A. and Bigand, E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Rhythm perception and production},
	Pages = {245--248},
	Title = {{Why musicians tap slower than nonmusicians}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{drake:2000a,
	Author = {Drake, C. and Jones, M.R. and Baruch, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Cognition},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/drake/the%20development%20of%20rhythmic%20attending%20in%20auditory%20sequences.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {251--88},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	Title = {{The development of rhythmic attending in auditory sequences: attunement, referent period, focal attending}},
	Volume = {77},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{drake:1999,
	Author = {Drake, C. and Gros, L. and Penel, A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proc. Int. Conf. on Music Perception and Cognition, Seoul National University},
	Title = {{How fast is that music? The relation between physical and perceived tempo}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{drake:2001,
	Author = {DRAKE, C. and BERTRAND, D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {17},
	Title = {{The Quest for Universals in Temporal Processing in Music}},
	Volume = {930},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{drake:1993,
	Author = {Drake, C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Percept Psychophys},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {25--33},
	Title = {{Reproduction of musical rhythms by children, adult musicians, and adult nonmusicians.}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{dixon:2003,
	Author = {Dixon, S. and Pampalk, E. and Widmer, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/classification%20of%20dance%20music%20by%20periodicity%20patterns.pdf},
	Title = {{Classification of dance music by periodicity patterns}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{dixon:2002,
	Author = {Dixon, S. and Goebl, W. and Widmer, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Music and Artificial Intelligence: Second International Conference, ICMAI2002},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/real%20time%20tracking%20and%20visualisation%20of%20musical.pdf},
	Pages = {58--68},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {{Real Time Tracking and Visualisation of Musical Expression}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{dixon:2000a,
	Author = {Dixon, S. and Cambouropoulos, E.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {ECAI 2000: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/beat%20tracking%20with%20musical%20knowledge.pdf},
	Pages = {626--630},
	Title = {{Beat tracking with musical knowledge}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{dixon:2001b,
	Author = {Dixon, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of New Music Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/automatic%20extraction%20of%20tempo%20and%20beat%20from.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {39--58},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Automatic Extraction of Tempo and Beat From Expressive Performances}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{dixon:1999,
	Author = {Dixon, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the Diderot Forum on Mathematics and Music},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/a%20beat%20tracking%20system%20for%20audio%20signals.pdf},
	Pages = {101--110},
	Publisher = {Austrian Computer Society},
	Title = {{A beat tracking system for audio signals}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{desain:1999,
	Author = {Desain, P. and Honing, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-12 13:25:00 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of New Music Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/desain/computational%20models%20of%20beat%20induction%20the%20rule-based.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--42},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Computational Models of Beat Induction: The Rule-Based Approach}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{desain:1993,
	Author = {Desain, P. and Honing, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Contemporary Music Review},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/desain/tempo%20curves%20considered%20harmful.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {123--138},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Tempo curves considered harmful}},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{desain:1990,
	Author = {Desain, P. and de Vos, S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the 1990 International Computer Musical Conference, San Francisco},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/desain/autocorrelation%20and%20the%20study%20of%20musical%20expression.pdf},
	Title = {{Autocorrelation and the Study of Musical Expression}},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{desain:1992,
	Author = {Desain, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Music Perception},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/desain/a%20(de)%20composable%20theory%20of%20rhythm%20perception.pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {439--454},
	Title = {{A (de) composable theory of rhythm perception}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{dannenberg:1987,
	Author = {Dannenberg, R.B. and Mont-Reynaud, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the 1987 International Computer Music Conference},
	Pages = {241--248},
	Title = {{Following an Improvisation in Real Time}},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{clynes:1982,
	Author = {Clynes, M. and Walker, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Music, Mind, and Brain: The Neuropsychology of Music. New York: Plenum},
	Pages = {171--216},
	Title = {{Neurobiologic functions of rhythm, time and pulse in music}},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{clarke:1999,
	Author = {Clarke, E.F.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {The Psychology of Music},
	Pages = {473--500},
	Title = {{Rhythm and timing in music}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{clarke:1987,
	Author = {Clarke, EF},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {A. Gabrielsson, Action and perception in rhythm and music},
	Pages = {19--33},
	Title = {{Categorical rhythm perception: an ecological perspective}},
	Year = {1987}}

@mastersthesis{chung:1989,
	Author = {Chung, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/chung/an%20agency%20for%20the%20perception%20of%20musical%20beats,%20or%20if%20i%20had%20a%20foot...pdf},
	School = {M. Sc. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	Title = {{An Agency for the Perception of Musical Beats, or If I Had a Foot..}},
	Url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14493},
	Year = {1989}}

@techreport{chowning:1984,
	Author = {Chowning, J. and Rush, L. and Mont-Reynaud, B. and Chafe, C. and Schloss, A. and Smith, J.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Institution = {Technical Report STAN-M-15, Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University},
	Title = {{Intelligent system for the analysis of digitized acoustic signals}},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{cemgil:2001,
	Author = {Cemgil, A.T. and Kappen, B. and Desain, P. and Honing, H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of New Music Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/cemgil/on%20tempo%20tracking%20tempogram%20representation%20and%20kalman.pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {259--273},
	Rating = {5},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{On tempo tracking: Tempogram representation and Kalman filtering}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{cemgil:2003,
	Author = {Cemgil, A.T. and Kappen, B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/cemgil/monte%20carlo%20methods%20for%20tempo%20tracking.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {45--81},
	Title = {{Monte Carlo Methods for Tempo Tracking and Rhythm Quantization}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{cemgil:2000,
	Author = {Cemgil, A.T. and Kappen, B. and Desain, P.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/cemgil/rhythm%20quantization%20for%20transcription.pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {60--76},
	Publisher = {MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA},
	Title = {{Rhythm Quantization for Transcription}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{cambouropoulos:2001a,
	Author = {Cambouropoulos, E. and Dixon, S. and Goebl, W. and Widmer, G.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of VII International Symposium on Systematic and Comparative Musicology and III International Conference on Cognitive Musicology},
	Pages = {18--26},
	Title = {{Computational models of tempo: Comparison of human and computer beat-tracking}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{brown:1989,
	Author = {Brown, J.C. and Puckette, M.S.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	Pages = {1595},
	Publisher = {ASA},
	Title = {{Calculation of a ``narrowed''autocorrelation function}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{brown:1993,
	Author = {Brown, J.C.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/brown/determination%20of%20the%20meter%20of%20musical%20scores%20by%20autocorrelation.pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1953--1957},
	Title = {{Determination of the meter of musical scores by autocorrelation}},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {1993}}

@phdthesis{bello:a,
	Author = {Bello, JP},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/bello/towards%20the%20automated%20analysis%20of%20simple%20polyphonic.pdf},
	School = {Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of London, 2003},
	Title = {{Towards the automated analysis of simple polyphonic music: A knowledge-based approach}},
	Abstract = {Music understanding is a process closely related to the knowledge and experience of the listener. The amount of knowledge required is relative to the complexity of the task in hand.

This dissertation is concerned with the problem of automatically decomposing musical signals into a score-like representation. It proposes that, as with humans, an automatic system requires knowledge about the signal and its expected behaviour to correctly analyse music.

The proposed system uses the blackboard architecture to combine the use of knowledge with data provided by the bottom-up processing of the signal's information. Methods are proposed for the estimation of pitches, onset times and durations of notes in simple polyphonic music. A method for onset detection is presented. It provides an alternative to conventional energy-based algorithms by using phase information. Statistical analysis is used to create a detection function that evaluates the expected behaviour of the signal regarding onsets.

Two methods for multi-pitch estimation are introduced. The first concentrates on the grouping of harmonic information in the frequency-domain. Its performance and limitations emphasise the case for the use of high-level knowledge.

This knowledge, in the form of the individual waveforms of a single instrument, is used in the second proposed approach. The method is based on a time-domain linear additive model and it presents an alternative to common frequency-domain approaches.

Results are presented and discussed for all methods, showing that, if reliably generated, the use of knowledge can significantly improve the quality of the analysis.}}

@mastersthesis{bilmes:1993,
	Author = {Bilmes, J.A.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/bilmes/timing%20is%20of%20the%20essence%20perceptual%20and%20computational%20techniques.pdf},
	School = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
	Title = {{Timing is of the Essence: Perceptual and Computational Techniques for Representing, Learning, and Reproducing Expressive Timing in Percussive Rhythm}},
	Url = {http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~bilmes/mitthesis/mit-thesis.pdf},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{baggi:1991,
	Author = {Baggi, DL},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {60--64},
	Title = {{Neurswing: an intelligent workbench for the investigation of swingin jazz}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{alghoniemy:1999,
	Author = {Alghoniemy, M. and Tewfik, AH},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Multimedia Signal Processing, 1999 IEEE 3rd Workshop on},
	Pages = {185--190},
	Title = {{Rhythm and periodicity detection in polyphonic music}},
	Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=793818},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{scheirer:1998,
	Author = {Scheirer, E.D.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	Keywords = {beat tracking, comb filters},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/scheirer/tempo%20and%20beat%20analysis%20of%20acoustic%20musical.pdf},
	Pages = {588},
	Publisher = {ASA},
	Rating = {5},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {{Tempo and beat analysis of acoustic musical signals}},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {1998},
	Abstract = {A method is presented for using a small number of bandpass filters and banks of parallel comb filters 
to analyze the tempo of, and extract the beat from, musical signals of arbitrary polyphonic 
complexity and containing arbitrary timbres. This analysis is performed causally, and can be used 
predictively to guess when beats will occur in the future. Results in a short validation experiment 
demonstrate that the performance of the algorithm is similar to the performance of human listeners 
in a variety of musical situations. Aspects of the algorithm are discussed in relation to previous 
high-level cognitive models of beat tracking. },
	Annote = {Works on Audio, doesn't do onset detection but rather uses spectral energy ("envelopes" - I don't fully understand the process). Seems to work well on various kinds of music. Common failure mode is to get confused and flipflop between different tempo levels. I think some form of inertia might help there.

I like the approach that is less cognitive. It doesn't rely on beat cognition, which proves difficult to even reason about with humans. It instead goes for that "gut feeling" toe-tapping approach. The claim that the spectral energy band envelopes contain enough information is spectacular and probably significant. See if more recent papers expand on this or debunk it.

Algorithm ran on fast desktops in realtime in 1998.

C++ code and samples supposedly available, but not at the original URLs. Need to contact Scheirer for them.}}

@article{dannenberg:1997a,
	Author = {Dannenberg, R.B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {50--60},
	Title = {{Machine Tongues XIX: Nyquist, a Language for Composition and Sound Synthesis}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{wakefield:2003,
	Author = {Wakefield, G.H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE},
	Pages = {637},
	Publisher = {SPIE},
	Title = {{Mathematical representation of joint time-chroma distributions}},
	Volume = {3807},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{simoni:,
	Author = {Simoni, M.H. and Broening, B. and Rozell, C. and Meek, C. and Wakefield, G.H.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Journal = {Ann Arbor},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/simoni/a%20theoretical%20framework%20for%20electro-acoustic%20music.pdf},
	Pages = {48109--2085},
	Title = {{A Theoretical Framework for Electro-Acoustic Music}},
	Url = {http://www-ece.rice.edu/~crozell/pubs/simoniICMC1999.pdf},
	Volume = {1001},
	Abstract = {Developing a theoretical framework for electro-acoustic music presents an array of problems not present in the analysis of 
Western tonal and post-tonal music. We present a theoretical framework characterized by the interaction of a perceptual and 
an analytic model. The perception of a composition is used to inform the analytic model. The analytic model examines 
aspects of a composition ranging from macrostructures, such as form, to microstructures, such as the spectrum at a moment in 
time. The theoretical framework is exercised through the study of Late August by Paul Lansky. }}

@article{bartsch:2005,
	Author = {Bartsch, MA and Wakefield, GH},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Journal = {Multimedia, IEEE Transactions on},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/bartsch/audio%20thumbnailing%20of%20popular%20music%20using.pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {96--104},
	Title = {Audio thumbnailing of popular music using chroma-based representations},
	Url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1386245&isnumber=30174},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2005},
	Abstract = {With the growing prevalence of large databases of multimedia content, methods for facilitating rapid browsing of such databases or the results of a database search are becoming increasingly important. However, these methods are necessarily media dependent. We present a system for producing short, representative samples (or "audio thumbnails") of selections of popular music. The system searches for structural redundancy within a given song with the aim of identifying something like a chorus or refrain. To isolate a useful class of features for performing such structure-based pattern recognition, we present a development of the chromagram, a variation on traditional time-frequency distributions that seeks to represent the cyclic attribute of pitch perception, known as chroma. The pattern recognition system itself employs a quantized chromagram that represents the spectral energy at each of the 12 pitch classes. We evaluate the system on a database of popular music and score its performance against a set of "ideal" thumbnail locations. Overall performance is found to be quite good, with the majority of errors resulting from songs that do not meet our structural assumptions.}}

@inproceedings{alonso:2004,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {Alonso, Miguel and David, Bertrand and Richard, Ga{\"e}l},
	Booktitle = {ISMIR 2004 Fifth International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Proceedings},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/alonso/tempo%20and%20beat%20estimation%20of%20musical%20signals.pdf},
	Pages = {158-163},
	Title = {Tempo and Beat Estimation of Musical Signals},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{desain:1989,
	Author = {Desain, Peter and Honing, Henkjan},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/desain/the%20quantization%20of%20musical%20time%20a%20connectionist%20approach.pdf},
	Month = {Fall},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {55-66},
	Title = {The Quantization of Musical Time: A Connectionist Approach},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {1989}}

@inproceedings{jensen:2003,
	Address = {New Palz, NY},
	Author = {Jensen, Kristoffer and Andersen, Tue Haste},
	Booktitle = {2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/jensen/beat%20estimation%20on%20the%20beat.pdf},
	Pages = {87-90},
	Title = {Beat Estimation on the Beat},
	Year = {2003}}

@inproceedings{davies:2004,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {Davies, Matthew E. P. and Plumbley, Mark D.},
	Booktitle = {ISMIR 2004 Fifth International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Proceedings},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/davies/causal%20tempo%20tracking%20of%20audio.pdf},
	Pages = {164-169},
	Title = {Causal Tempo Tracking of Audio},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{gouyon:2005,
	Author = {Gouyon, Fabien and Dixon, Simon},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Keywords = {review, rhythm, beat tracking, tempo, pulse, meter},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/gouyon/a%20review%20of%20automatic%20rhythm%20description%20systems.pdf},
	Month = {Spring},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {34-54},
	Rating = {5},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {A Review of Automatic Rhythm Description Systems},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2005},
	Annote = {Random thoughts
Beats - are they really points in time? or do they have a duration?
They talk about everything as an integer multiple of the smallest beat, but maybe it would be worth considering a different approach, similar to that used by conductors. The human deals with syncopation better when given the beat a level up and allowed to interpolate, perhaps there is something to be discovered there. (or perhaps not)

They make a silly statement about causal analysis being impossible because you can't tell the difference between a timing change and a tempo change. Technically this is true, but practical real-time applications aren't at all out of reach, given probabilistic predictions coupled with adjustments. Put another way, we humans are able to keep the beat and we have no prescient ability to look into the future and tell if it's a timing change or a tempo change. 

"there is strong evidence that performers do not produce timing deviations at arbitrary points in time". I want to read this evidence (Palmer 1997) and see for myself. Organists intentionally introduce timing deviations in many places that to a pianist would seem arbitrary. To a computer algorithm, almost anything would have the potential of being arbitrary.  Of course the organist doesn't introduce arbitrary timing deviations, but unless the algorithm is sophisticated enough to understand the reasons that organists _do_ introduce timing deviations, which even most non-organist musicians would not be aware of, they would seem arbitrary to that algorithm.

Imply that extracting pitch from polyphonic audio is an open field. Might be an interesting area.
}}

@inproceedings{masri:1996,
	Author = {Masri, Paul and Bateman, Andrew},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/masri/improved%20modelling%20of%20attack%20transients%20in%20music.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {100-103},
	Title = {Improved Modelling of Attack Transients in Music Analysis-Resynthesis},
	Year = {1996},
	Abstract = {Current music analysis-resynthesis models represent sounds through a set of features, which are extracted from a 
time-frequency representation.  So that each time-frame can present a good approximation to the instantaneous 
spectrum, it is necessary to analyse the waveform in short segments.  This is achieved with a window function 
whose position is advanced by a fixed amount between frames.  When the window encompasses a transient event, 
such as the percussive onset of a note, it contains information both before and after the event.  These partially- 
correlated spectra often become confused during analysis and cause audible `diffusion' upon resynthesis. 
This paper presents a simple, novel technique to avoid the problem, by synchronising the analysis window to 
transient events.  Event locations are identified by observing short-term changes in the spectrum.  Thereafter the 
position of the analysis window is constrained, to prevent it capturing the signal both sides of an event 
simultaneously. This method, which has been automated, yields an improvement that is clearly audible, 
particularly for percussive sounds which retain their `crispness'. }}

@inproceedings{dixon:2000,
	Author = {Dixon, Simon},
	Booktitle = {Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dixon/a%20lightweight%20multi-agent%20musical%20beat%20tracking.pdf},
	Title = {A Lightweight Multi-agent Musical Beat Tracking System},
	Url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/dixon00lightweight.html},
	Year = {2000}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:2002,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/listening%20to%20%60%60naima''%20an%20automated%20structural%20analysis.pdf},
	Title = {Listening to ``Naima'': An Automated Structural Analysis of Music from Recorded Audio},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{dannenberg:2007,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Birmingham, William P. and Pardo, Bryan and Hu, Ning and Meek, Colin and Tzanetakis, George},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/a%20comparative%20evaluation%20of%20search%20techniques%20for%20query-by-humming.pdf},
	Month = {February},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {A Comparative Evaluation of Search Techniques for Query-by-Humming Using the MUSART Testbed},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2007}}

@inproceedings{hu:2002,
	Author = {Hu, Ning and Dannenberg, Roger B. and Lewis, Ann L.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/hu/a%20probabalistic%20model%20of%20melodic%20similarity.pdf},
	Title = {A Probabalistic Model of Melodic Similarity},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:1997,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Thom, Belinda and Watson, David},
	Booktitle = {1997 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Editor = {Association, International Computer Music},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/a%20machine%20learning%20approach%20to%20musical%20style.pdf},
	Title = {A Machine Learning Approach to Musical Style Recognition},
	Year = {1997}}

@inproceedings{hu:2002a,
	Author = {Hu, Ning and Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/hu/a%20comparison%20of%20melodic%20database%20retrieval%20techniques.pdf},
	Organization = {Carnegie Mellon University},
	Publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	Title = {A Comparison of Melodic Database Retrieval Techniques Using Sung Queries},
	Url = {http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hu02comparison.html},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:1993,
	Address = {Osaka, Japan},
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {IAKTA/LIST International Workshop on Knowledge Technology in the Arts Proceedings},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/music%20understanding%20by%20computer.pdf},
	Month = {September},
	Pages = {41-56},
	Publisher = {Laboratories of Image Information Science and Technology},
	Title = {Music Understanding By Computer},
	Year = {1993},
	Abstract = {Music Understanding refers to the recognition or identification of structure and 
pattern in musical information.  Music understanding projects initiated by the 
author are discussed.  In the first, Computer Accompaniment, the goal is to 
follow a performer in a score.  Knowledge of the position in the score as a 
function of time can be used to synchronize an accompaniment to the live 
performer and automatically adjust to tempo variations. In the second project, it 
is shown that statistical methods can be used to recognize the location of an 
improviser in a cyclic chord progression such as the 12-bar blues. The third 
project, Beat Tracking, attempts to identify musical beats using note-onset times 
from a live performance.  Parallel search techniques are used to consider several 
hypotheses simultaneously, and both timing and higher-level musical knowledge 
are integrated to evaluate the hypotheses.  The fourth project, the Piano Tutor, 
identifies student performance errors and offers advice.  The fifth project studies 
human tempo tracking with the goal of improving the naturalness of automated 
accompaniment systems. }}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:2005,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {ISMIR 2005 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Proceedings},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Keywords = {beat tracking, tempo, analysis, music structure},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/toward%20automated%20holistic%20beat%20tracking,.pdf},
	Pages = {366-373},
	Publisher = {Queen Mary, University of London},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Toward Automated Holistic Beat Tracking, Music Analysis, and Understanding},
	Year = {2005},
	Annote = {Takes a holistic approach by considering high-level structure. Namely, finds similar sections with a chroma-vector similarity matrix and compares the beat tracking on them, favoring similar period vectors (structural consistency). 

Breaks it down into likely beat events, creating a good-fit time-warping function, and ever-widening islands iterating using gradeint descent.

Has positive results, but still not great accuracy. Non causal. Holistic approach definitely helps, but I think perhaps the baseline beat tracking needs to be improved first.}}

@unpublished{allen:1990,
	Author = {Allen, Paul E. and Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/allen/tracking%20musical%20beats%20in%20real%20time.pdf},
	Note = {Full version},
	Title = {Tracking Musical Beats in Real Time},
	Year = {1990}}

@incollection{dannenberg:1988,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {1987/1988 Computer Science Research Review},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/music%20understanding.pdf},
	Pages = {19-28},
	Publisher = {Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science},
	Title = {Music Understanding},
	Year = {1988}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:2002a,
	Address = {Paris},
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Hu, Ning},
	Booktitle = {ISMIR 2002 Conference Proceedings: Third International Conference on Music Information Retrieval},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Editor = {Fingerhut, M.},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/pattern%20discovery%20techniques%20for%20music%20audio.pdf},
	Organization = {IRCAM},
	Pages = {63-70},
	Title = {Pattern Discovery Techniques for Music Audio},
	Year = {2002}}

@inproceedings{hu:2003,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Hu, Ning and Dannenberg, Roger B. and Tzanetakis, George},
	Booktitle = {2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/hu/polyphonic%20audio%20matching%20and%20alignment%20for%20music.pdf},
	Organization = {IEEE},
	Pages = {185-188},
	Rating = {4},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {Polyphonic Audio Matching and Alignment for Music Retrieval},
	Year = {2003},
	Annote = {Neat and simple. computes chromavectors from the audio and midi and compares them by dynamic time warping.}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:2003,
	Address = {San Francisco},
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Hu, Ning},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/polyphonic%20audio%20matching%20for%20score%20following.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {27-33},
	Title = {Polyphonic Audio Matching for Score Following and Intelligent Audio Editors},
	Year = {2003}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:1985,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1984 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/an%20on-line%20algorithm%20for%20real-time%20accompaniment.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {193-198},
	Title = {An On-Line Algorithm for Real-Time Accompaniment},
	Url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rbd/bib-accomp.html#icmc84},
	Year = {1985}}

@inproceedings{bloch:1985,
	Author = {Bloch, Joshua J. and Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1985 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:07 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/bloch/real-time%20computer%20accompaniment%20of%20keyboard%20performance.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {279-289},
	Title = {Real-Time Computer Accompaniment of Keyboard Performance},
	Url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rbd/bib-accomp.html#icmc85},
	Year = {1985}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:1988a,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Mukaino, Hirofumi},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/new%20techniques%20for%20enhanced%20quality%20of%20computer%20accompaniment.pdf},
	Month = {September},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {243-249},
	Title = {New Techniques for Enhanced Quality of Computer Accompaniment},
	Year = {1988}}

@inproceedings{grubb:1997,
	Author = {Grubb, Lorin and Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {1997 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/grubb/a%20stochastic%20method%20of%20tracking%20a%20vocal%20performer.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Title = {A Stochastic Method of Tracking a Vocal Performer},
	Url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rbd/bib-accomp.html# icmc97},
	Year = {1997}}

@inproceedings{grubb:1998,
	Address = {San Francisco},
	Author = {Grubb, Lorin and Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1998 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/grubb/enhanced%20vocal%20performance%20tracking%20using.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Title = {Enhanced Vocal Performance Tracking Using Multiple Information Sources},
	Year = {1998}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:1988b,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/a%20real%20time%20schedulerdispatcher.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {239-242},
	Title = {A Real Time Scheduler/Dispatcher},
	Year = {1988}}

@incollection{dannenberg:1989,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Current Directions in Computer Music Research},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Editor = {Matthews, Max V. and Pierce, John R.},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/real-time%20scheduling%20and%20computer%20accompaniment.pdf},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {Real-Time Scheduling and Computer Accompaniment},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{dannenberg:1993a,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/music%20representation%20issues,%20techniques,%20and%20systems.pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {20-30},
	Title = {Music Representation Issues, Techniques, and Systems},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1993}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:1991a,
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Rubine, Dean and Neuendorffer, Tom},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1991 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/the%20resource-instance%20model%20of%20music%20representation.pdf},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {428-432},
	Title = {The Resource-Instance Model of Music Representation},
	Year = {1991}}

@inproceedings{mazzoni:2001,
	Author = {Mazzoni, Dominic and Dannenberg, Roger B.},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2001 International Computer Music Conference},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:05 -0600},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/mazzoni/a%20fast%20data%20structure%20for%20disk-based%20audio.pdf},
	Month = {September},
	Organization = {International Computer Music Association},
	Pages = {107-110},
	Title = {A Fast Data Structure for Disk-Based Audio Editing},
	Year = {2001}}

@inproceedings{dannenberg:2002b,
	Address = {Berlin},
	Author = {Dannenberg, Roger B. and Hu, Ning},
	Booktitle = {Music and Artificial Intelligence: Second International Conference, ICMAI 2002},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:06 -0600},
	Editor = {Anagnostopoulou, Ferrand and Smaill},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/dannenberg/discovering%20musical%20structure%20in%20audio%20recordings.pdf},
	Pages = {43-57},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {Discovering Musical Structure in Audio Recordings},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{temperley:2004,
	Author = {Temperley, David},
	Date-Added = {2007-08-30 10:09:01 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2007-09-05 11:48:04 -0600},
	Journal = {Computer Music Journal},
	Keywords = {meter, evaluation, rhythm, beat tracking},
	Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/fugalh/Documents/Papers/temperley/an%20evaluation%20system%20for%20metrical%20models.pdf},
	Month = {Fall},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {28-44},
	Rating = {3},
	Read = {Yes},
	Title = {An Evaluation System for Metrical Models},
	Url = {http://theory.esm.rochester.edu/temperley/meter-eval.pdf},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2004},
	Annote = {good:
A unified approach to evaluation of metrical analysis is a good thing. His 4 points I like: representation, corpus, gold standard, comparison w/ standard

bad:
note-address is cute but would be better as just a vector rather than an int where each digit means something.

his ad-hoc tweaking of parameters (in Melisma experiments) could be a good place to apply machine learning

His corpus is both limited (common-practice) and small. He does mention parenthetically that it would be nice to have training and testing sets, but I think it's more a necessity than a nicety.

future:
think about audio input (his system was designed for symbolic input). I think a statistical approach is good for both symbolic and audio input.

There are a lot of MIDI files out on the web. Many sequenced or generated from notation, and many performed. For his symbolic input approach a subset of these might be more interesting. They are largely classical but also pop, with more variety sprinkled in.

}}

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